# The Arabic alphabet

Learn the Arabic alphabet for reading the Quran: all 28 letters with names, isolated, initial, medial and final forms, makhraj (articulation point), example words from the Quran, audio and a practice quiz. আরবি বর্ণমালা।

| # | Letter | Name | Isolated / initial / medial / final | Makhraj |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ا | Alif (ألف) | ا ا ‍ا ‍ا | Al-jawf (empty space of mouth & throat): A long vowel carried on the breath from the empty space of the mouth and throat. (The hamza ء, a different letter, is made in the deepest part of the throat.) |
| 2 | ب | Ba (باء) | ب ب‍ ‍ب‍ ‍ب | Ash-shafatan (lips): Both lips meet (the moist inner part). |
| 3 | ت | Ta (تاء) | ت ت‍ ‍ت‍ ‍ت | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue touches the base of the upper front teeth. |
| 4 | ث | Tha (ثاء) | ث ث‍ ‍ث‍ ‍ث | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue meets the edges of the upper front teeth; air flows out softly. |
| 5 | ج | Jim (جيم) | ج ج‍ ‍ج‍ ‍ج | Al-lisan (tongue): The middle of the tongue meets the palate above it. |
| 6 | ح | Ha (breathy) (حاء) | ح ح‍ ‍ح‍ ‍ح | Al-halq (throat): The middle of the throat; a clear breathy sound without vibration. |
| 7 | خ | Kha (خاء) | خ خ‍ ‍خ‍ ‍خ | Al-halq (throat): The upper part of the throat (nearest the mouth); a scraping sound. |
| 8 | د | Dal (دال) | د د ‍د ‍د | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue at the base of the upper front teeth, like ta but voiced. |
| 9 | ذ | Dhal (ذال) | ذ ذ ‍ذ ‍ذ | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue meets the edges of the upper front teeth, voiced. |
| 10 | ر | Ra (راء) | ر ر ‍ر ‍ر | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue, slightly back from the lam, with a light tap. |
| 11 | ز | Zay (زاي) | ز ز ‍ز ‍ز | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue near the lower front teeth; a buzzing sound. |
| 12 | س | Sin (سين) | س س‍ ‍س‍ ‍س | Al-lisan (tongue): The same place as zay, with a hissing sound and no vibration. |
| 13 | ش | Shin (شين) | ش ش‍ ‍ش‍ ‍ش | Al-lisan (tongue): The middle of the tongue against the palate; the sound spreads in the mouth. |
| 14 | ص | Sad (صاد) | ص ص‍ ‍ص‍ ‍ص | Al-lisan (tongue): The heavy form of sin: tip of the tongue near the lower front teeth with the back of the tongue raised. |
| 15 | ض | Dad (ضاد) | ض ض‍ ‍ض‍ ‍ض | Al-lisan (tongue): The side edge of the tongue against the upper molars (left or right); a heavy sound. |
| 16 | ط | Ta (heavy) (طاء) | ط ط‍ ‍ط‍ ‍ط | Al-lisan (tongue): The heavy form of ta: tip of the tongue at the base of the upper front teeth with the tongue raised. |
| 17 | ظ | Za (heavy) (ظاء) | ظ ظ‍ ‍ظ‍ ‍ظ | Al-lisan (tongue): The heavy form of dhal: tongue tip at the edges of the upper teeth with the tongue raised. |
| 18 | ع | Ayn (عين) | ع ع‍ ‍ع‍ ‍ع | Al-halq (throat): The middle of the throat, with the throat gently narrowed and voiced. |
| 19 | غ | Ghayn (غين) | غ غ‍ ‍غ‍ ‍غ | Al-halq (throat): The upper part of the throat; a gargling sound. |
| 20 | ف | Fa (فاء) | ف ف‍ ‍ف‍ ‍ف | Ash-shafatan (lips): The tips of the upper front teeth touch the inner edge of the lower lip. |
| 21 | ق | Qaf (قاف) | ق ق‍ ‍ق‍ ‍ق | Al-lisan (tongue): The back of the tongue meets the soft palate behind it; a deep, heavy sound. |
| 22 | ك | Kaf (كاف) | ك ك‍ ‍ك‍ ‍ك | Al-lisan (tongue): The back of the tongue, a little forward of qaf, meets the palate; a lighter sound. |
| 23 | ل | Lam (لام) | ل ل‍ ‍ل‍ ‍ل | Al-lisan (tongue): The sides of the front of the tongue touch the gum above the front teeth. |
| 24 | م | Mim (ميم) | م م‍ ‍م‍ ‍م | Ash-shafatan (lips): Both lips close; the sound also resonates in the nose. |
| 25 | ن | Nun (نون) | ن ن‍ ‍ن‍ ‍ن | Al-lisan (tongue): The tip of the tongue touches the gum just above the front teeth; nasal. |
| 26 | ه | Ha (light) (هاء) | ه ه‍ ‍ه‍ ‍ه | Al-halq (throat): The deepest part of the throat; a light breath. |
| 27 | و | Waw (واو) | و و ‍و ‍و | Ash-shafatan (lips): The lips are rounded and the sound is released. As a madd letter it is a long “oo” from the empty space of the mouth. |
| 28 | ي | Ya (ياء) | ي ي‍ ‍ي‍ ‍ي | Al-lisan (tongue): The middle of the tongue meets the palate. As a madd letter it is a long “ee” from the empty space of the mouth. |

Cite: The Arabic alphabet. Noor Quran. https://holy-quran-noor.vercel.app/learn/arabic-alphabet

Canonical: https://holy-quran-noor.vercel.app/learn/arabic-alphabet